ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously influenced all over the world and affectedthe health of people. In COVID-19 patients, physiological disorders develop like stress, anxiety, and insomnia. This study aimed to investigate sleep quality in COVID-19hospitalized patients of Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir. Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality. PSQI was a self-rated questionnaire scale that contained seven components generated by the combination of 19 individual items. The components included were subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication and, daytime dysfunction. All components score from "0" to "3". The score "0" indicates no problem and the sum of the score 3 indicates severe difficulty. The seven components score was added to yield one global score. A score of 0 to 5 indicated no sleep disturbance and a score of more than 5 indicated sleep disturbance. The mean global score was 8.88+/-4.716 (Mean+/-SD). Current research revealed that 72.2% (n=73) ofpatients who had a global score of 5 or more than 5 had poor sleep quality and 27.8% (n=31) who had a score of less than 5 had good sleep quality (n=31) 13 male patients hada good quality of sleep and 36 male patients experienced a bad quality of sleep. In females, 18 female patients had a good quality of sleep and 37 female patients had a bad quality of sleep current study revealed that there was no association between gender and global PSQI, so sleep quality is independent of gender (chi2 =6.497, P =0.090, df = 3). Thisstudy also showed association between PSQI global score and age group. The 1st age group 15-32 year had a total of 48 patients. The study revealed that 54.16% (n=26) patients had bad sleep quality and 45.83% (n=22) patients had good sleep quality. The second age group from 33 to 55 years in which 76% (n=19) patients had bad sleep quality and 24% (n=06) patients had good sleep quality (r=0.342, P=0.001, df=6) showed that there is high relationship difference between increase group and sleep quality which showed that increase in age group, sleep quality become bad. The 3rd age group was over. Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
These proceedings contain articles that discuss setting the stage: the current state of the TB epidemic and COVID-19 effects, recap of events after the UN high-level conference in 2018, and direction for the UN high-level meeting in 2023. The ITFDE last discussed tuberculosis (TB) in 2010 and identified the following objectives: accelerated improvement and expansion of laboratory services for diagnosis and treatment, including assessment of drug resistance;increased support for better control and research;improved access to care and coverage of the most vulnerable populations;and political advocacy for TB control by potential allies inside and outside the health sector.